Sources
These are the categories of source this site works from. Individual pages cite the specific verse, hadith number or reference they rely on, at the point where they rely on it.
Qur’an
The Arabic text, cited by surah and verse number — for example Qur’an 2:185. English renderings are identified as translations. A translation is an interpretation of meaning, not the text, and this site does not treat one rendering as definitive.
Hadith collections
Cited by collection and hadith number, so any reader can look up the original:
- Sahih al-Bukhari
- Sahih Muslim
- Sunan Abu Dawud
- Jami’ at-Tirmidhi
- Sunan an-Nasa’i
- Sunan Ibn Majah
- Muwatta Malik
- Musnad Ahmad
Hadith numbering differs between printed editions and online indexes. Where the numbering commonly used online differs from a printed edition, this site follows the numbering most readers will be able to check.
Scholarly and jurisprudential material
Where a page describes the positions of the schools of law, it draws on the recognised positions of the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i and Hanbali schools, and presents them as positions rather than as a single ruling. This site does not follow or promote one school.
Calendar and astronomy
- Future Ramadan date: a configurable planning date, currently 8 February 2027. It is cross-checked against published tentative calendars such as Timeanddate, which labels its 2027 date tentative. Local religious announcements take precedence.
- Standard solar-position algorithms of the kind used throughout astronomical practice, for sunrise, solar noon, sunset and twilight angles.
- Published prayer-time conventions, including those of the Muslim World League, the Islamic Society of North America, the Egyptian General Authority of Survey, Umm al-Qura University, the University of Islamic Sciences Karachi, and regional authorities in Iran, Turkey, Singapore, Malaysia and elsewhere.
Geography and time
- The IANA time zone database, for zone rules and daylight-saving transitions.
- Open geographic datasets, for city names, coordinates and country assignments. Generated city text is derived from those coordinates and from the site’s own prayer-time calculations rather than copied from another timetable.
Country and local context
Country profiles use a source hierarchy rather than copying other Ramadan websites. Population and demographic claims are checked against the latest available national census or statistical office where practical, with Pew Research Center used for broader cross-country religious-demography context. Official government or recognised religious-affairs bodies are preferred for moon-sighting procedures, labour-hour rules and public arrangements. UNESCO, national heritage bodies and established reference works are used for historic sites and dated historical claims. Where a profile includes a direct source link, that link supports the nearby claim; if a local custom cannot be supported confidently, it is omitted rather than invented.
City pages work differently. They do not pretend to know a unique local tradition for thousands of places. Their unique content comes from measurable facts: the city’s coordinates, IANA time zone, calculation method, Day 1/15/29/30 timings, fasting-duration trend, timezone changes and comparisons with nearby cities. This is the same data-led approach used by the site’s tools.
Health
Health pages use named sources rather than an unspecified claim of ‘mainstream guidance’. Core references include the NHS dehydration guidance, NHS pregnancy movement guidance, and the International Diabetes Federation’s diabetes-and-fasting guidance, including the 2026 IDF-DAR risk-calculator update. These pages remain general education and are not individual medical advice.
A note on what is not a source
Other Ramadan websites are not treated as sources. Aggregated quotation collections, social media images and unattributed “hadith of the day” posts are not used as references. If a narration cannot be traced to a collection, it does not appear here as a hadith.